He is noted for his work on Ideal observer theory and radical empiricism.
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Modern applications rely heavily on threshold measurement, ideal observer analysis, and signal detection theory.
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This makes ideal observer theory a cognitivism.
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The " ideal observer " is a theoretical system that performs a specific task in an optimal way.
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Loffreda is an ideal observer : newcomer, outsider, straight adviser to a gay / lesbian group on campus.
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If there is uncertainty in the task, then perfect performance is impossible and the ideal observer will make errors.
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If the experimental environment is too artificial it can damage external validity in an ideal observer experiment that makes use of natural scene statistics.
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In "'sequential ideal observer analysis "', the goal is to measure a real system's performance deficit ( relative to ideal ) at different processing stages.
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In general relativity, a timelike congruence in a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold can be interpreted as a family of world lines of certain ideal observers in our spacetime.
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This is not to say that ideal observers perform without error, but rather that they perform at the physical limit of what is possible in the situation.
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